Do you put a period before or after parentheses? This is a common question among writers and editors, and the answer can vary depending on the style guide being followed. Understanding when to place a period before or after parentheses is essential for maintaining clarity and consistency in written communication.
In the English language, the placement of a period in relation to parentheses can be influenced by several factors. The most important factor is the style guide or house style that the writer or publisher is adhering to. Different style guides have different rules regarding this matter, so it is crucial to consult the specific guide being used.
One of the most widely used style guides is the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS). According to CMS, a period should be placed inside the parentheses if the information within the parentheses is essential to the sentence. For example:
– The report, which was due last week, is still pending. (The period goes inside the parentheses because the information about the report being due last week is essential to the sentence.)
On the other hand, if the information within the parentheses is non-essential or additional, the period should be placed outside the parentheses. For example:
– The company (which has been in business for 50 years) is planning to expand. (The period goes outside the parentheses because the information about the company’s age is additional and not necessary to the sentence.)
Another well-known style guide is the Associated Press (AP) style. According to AP, a period should always be placed inside the parentheses, regardless of whether the information is essential or non-essential. This rule is consistent with the CMS’s approach for essential information but differs when it comes to non-essential information. For example:
– The company (which has been in business for 50 years) is planning to expand. (The period goes inside the parentheses, following the AP style rule.)
It is important to note that some style guides, such as the MLA (Modern Language Association) style, may have different rules regarding the placement of periods in parentheses. Therefore, it is essential to refer to the specific style guide being used in any given context.
In conclusion, the answer to the question “Do you put a period before or after parentheses?” depends on the style guide being followed. Writers and editors should consult the appropriate style guide to ensure consistency and clarity in their written work. By understanding the rules and exceptions within each style guide, writers can effectively communicate their ideas while maintaining a professional and polished appearance.
